The Kingdom of Tonga is a Polynesian country and archipelago compromised of 177 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about 750 square kilometres scattered over 700,000 square kilometres across the southern Pacific Ocean.

The Kingdom of Tonga has a population of 108,000 people, of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu. Over 150,000 people of Tongan descent live in New Zealand, the United States of America and Australia.

Tonga stretches across approximately 800 kilometres in a north-south line direction. It is surrounded by the Republic of Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest, Samoa to the northeast, Niue to the east (which is the nearest foreign territory), Kermadec (part of New Zealand) to the southwest, and New Caledonia (France) and the Republic of Vanuatu to the farther west. It is roughly 1,800 kilometres from New Zealand’s North Island.

Between 1900 and 1970, Tonga had a British protected state status, with the United Kingdom looking after its foreign affairs under a Treaty of Friendship. The country has never relinquished its sovereignty to any foreign power. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive step away from its traditional absolute monarchy and towards becoming a fully functioning Constitutional Monarchy, after legislative reforms paved the way for its first representative election. 

His Majesty King Tupou VI ascended the Throne in 2012 and is the current Head of State of Tonga and its sixth sovereign of the modern Tongan monarchy.

The current and 20th Prime Minister of Tonga is the Honourable Fatafehi Fakafanua, the 8th Lord Fakafanua. He was elected following the 2025 General Election and appointed by His Majesty The King on 18 December 2025.